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Prof. Dr. Viktor Pocajt, CEOKey to Metals AG
The Total Thermomechanical Control Processing enables materials up to X70 to be produced from steels that are microalloyed with niobium and vanadium and have reduced carbon content. Benefits include the decrease of transition temperature, improved weldability and lowered susceptibility for weld cracking.
A typical high strength microalloyed structural steel is X70. Its average composition is 0.07%C, 1.5%Mn, Nb+V+Ti 0.095-0.105%, and 50ppm N. Modern X70 has lower C content and addition of Cu+Ni+Mo up to 0.7%. Figure 1 shows the contributions of different strengthening mechanisms to yield strength of X70 steel.
Figure 1: The contributions of different strengthening mechanisms to the yield strength of X70 steel
Also, transition temperature diagrams for several X70 steels are shown on Figure 2. It is important to notice two features: (i) low transition temperatures estimated using Charpy pendulum and (ii) the upper shelf energies at -20°C at least 150J!
Figure 2: Transition temperature diagrams for several X70 steels
The thermomechanical processing enables materials up to X70 to be produced from steels that are microalloyed with niobium and vanadium and have reduced carbon content. In order to improve present high strength structural steels, Tanaka had introduced Total Thermomechanical Control Processing (TTMCP), which includes several measures with aim to provide wider production window and improve properties:
Application of TTCMP concept can provide the lower content of carbon and accordingly lower Ceq, lower sulfur content and the production of globular MnS inclusions, and the TiN control of grain size. All this features lead to the decrease of transition temperature, improved weldability and lowered susceptibility for weld cracking.
This approach has been adopted through an improved processing method, consisting of thermomechanical rolling plus subsequent accelerated cooling; and it emerged in the eighties. By this method, it has become possible to produce higher strength materials like X80, that have further reduced carbon content and thereby excellent weldability. Additions of molybdenum, copper and nickel enable the strength level to be raised to that of grade X100, when the steel is processed to plate by thermomechanical rolling plus modified accelerated cooling.
Date Published: Oct-2009
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