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The Basics of Nonferrous Metallurgy

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Cobalt and Cobalt Alloys

This article provides a general overview of cobalt-base alloys as wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and/or heat-resistant materials. Particular emphasis is placed on cobalt-base alloys for wear resistance, because this is the single largest application area of cobalt-base alloys.

Copper Alloys Applications in Electrical Engineering

Copper has sufficient strength, ductility and hardness for these applications at operating temperatures up to 100°C. For many other applications, however, the demands of electrical technology require copper to have higher mechanical properties and to be capable of use at elevated operating temperatures while still retaining the good conductivity for which it is selected in the first place.
Therefore, a large variety of high copper alloys has been developed, whose properties are equal to or, in some cases, higher than those of many other engineering metals, yet, which have conductivities high enough for electrical applications.

Copper Alloys for Bearing Applications: Part One

Bronzes are unquestionably the most versatile class of bearing materials, offering a broad range of properties from a wide selection of alloys and compositions. Bearing bronzes offer broad ranges of strength, ductility, hardness, wear resistance, anti-seizing properties, low friction and the ability to conform to irregularities, tolerate dirty operating environments and contaminated lubricants.

Copper Alloys for Bearing Applications: Part Two

Five alloy families are described, with a table of seventeen bearing bronzes, with their UNS alloy designation and standard specifications covering each. Members of each family have similar properties, with differences among family members allowing selection based on economic considerations or on the need to tailor alloys for particular applications.

Copper and Copper Alloy Casting Methods

This article examines six principal methods for producing copper base alloy castings: sand casting and CO₂ process, shell molded casting, die-casting, chill casting, centrifugal casting, and continuous casting. Each method offers distinct advantages in terms of dimensional accuracy, surface finish, mechanical properties, and production costs. Additional specialized techniques include precision investment casting and plaster mould casting.

Copper and Copper Alloy Castings

This article describes application of copper and copper alloy casings, specifically: castings required for high strength and resistance to fatigue, castings required for pressure tightness, castings required for resistance to corrosion, castings required for service at elevated temperatures.