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The Basics of Ferrous Metallurgy

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Compacted Graphite Iron: Part Two

Compacted graphite iron (CGI) along with lamellar graphite iron and spheroidal graphite iron define the three main classes of cast iron according to morphology.
An important measure for assessing the application of CGI is the machinability levels and through specific studies it was concluded that CGI is much more difficult to machine than standard grey cast irons.

Complex Phase Steels

Complex-phase steels display high fatigue strength. Based on stress-strain curves they display higher fatigue strength than dual-phase and retained austenite steels, but they are more sensitive to severe strain peaks, i.e. abusive loads.
The structure of the steels is a ferrite/bainite matrix containing martensite and small amounts of retained austenite and/or perlite. This creates a high yield strength tensile strength ratio.

Continuous Electroplating Process for Steel Sheet Products

The steel sheet electroplating process utilizes the same basic principle as that for conventional decorative finish electroplating. However, the steel sheet process differs in that the electroplated coating is applied by passing the strip at high speeds through a series of plating cells, building the coating thickness by a small amount each time the strip passes through an individual cell.

Control of Sulfur in Melts

Sulfur has a strong surface activity both in binary (Fe-S) and ternary (Fe-C-S, Fe-Si-S) alloys. It has been concluded from the results of numerous studies that sulfur can exist in two forms in molten iron: in one case it forms an interstitial solutions, and in other partially substitutional solutions. It has been found that the activity of sulfur increase substantially when carbon and silicon are present in the melt. This explains why pig iron can be desulfurized more readily than steel.

Dual Phase Steel

Dual phase steel offers the perfect balance of properties and cost to one of the most important industries in any market: Automotive.
But what is the cause of this extraordinary balance of powers? As with other metallic materials, the answer lies in their crystalline structure, which melds the properties of two phases to make a material that is more than the sum of its parts.

Effect of Phosphorus on the Properties of Carbon Steels: Part One

Phosphorus plays a dual role in the properties of carbon steels, providing both beneficial and detrimental effects. While it enhances strength and certain manufacturing characteristics, excessive phosphorus can lead to embrittlement, reducing toughness and ductility. This article discusses the impact of phosphorus on various steel grades, its influence on mechanical properties, and the trade-offs involved in its use.