ASTM A 21 Grade F Structural and constructional steels
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ASTM A 21 Grade F Chemical Composition
A21: 1994 / Carbon Steel Axles, Non-Heat-Treated and Heat-Treated, for Railway Use
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ASTM A 21 Grade F Physical Properties
Temperature
This material has 23 properties — only a subset is shown here.
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ASTM A 21 Grade F Heat Treatments
- Material shall be double normalized (two separate normalizing treatments, the second shall be performed at a lower temperature than the first) and tempered.
Axles that are heat-treated directly from forging shall be cooled below the transformation temperature or to approximately 538°C ( 1000°F) before any reheating operation and must not be permitted to cool below 260°C (500°F) without slow cooling.
Straightening of axles shall be done before machining. Straightening shall preferably be performed at a temperature no lower than 510°C (950°F) and shall be followed by a furnace stress-relieving procedure or applicable heat treatment.
ASTM A 21 Grade F Mechanical Properties
Temperature
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ASTM A 21 Grade F International Equivalent Materials
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Equivalence categories reflect chemical-composition and mechanical-property comparison — always verify suitability against the governing specification for your application.
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- 2Cross References
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- 1Heat Treatment
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