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French (AFNOR) Standards for Steel Materials

This comprehensive guide presents the AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation) standard specifications for steel materials across three major categories: structural and constructional steels, tool steels, and specialty steels including stainless, heat-resisting, and valve steels. The standards cover specifications for various steel products, from carbon and alloy steels to specialized applications in boilers, pressure vessels, and railway components.

Alloyed Tool and Die Steels: A Comprehensive Guide to Industrial Applications

Tool steels represent a critical category of specialty steels designed for manufacturing applications requiring exceptional hardness, wear resistance, and cutting performance. This comprehensive guide examines six primary classifications of tool steels: high-speed steels, hot work steels, cold work steels, shock-resisting steels, special purpose steels, and water hardening steels.

Bulgarian (BDS) Standards for Steel Materials

This group of Bulgarian (BDS) standards covers carbon, alloy and structural steels, free-cutting steels, plates for pressure vessels, hot-rolled plates, sheets and strips, high-temperature steel castings, welding filler rods, tool steels and electrical quality steels.

Classification of Tool Steels

Steels used for making tools, punches, and dies are perhaps the hardest, the strongest, and toughest steels used in industry. It is obvious that tools used for working steels and other metals must be stronger and harder than the steels or material they cut or form.
The metallurgical characteristics of various compositions of tool steels are extremely complex. There are hundreds of different makes and types of tool steels available and each may have a specific composition and end use.

Cold Work Tool Steels

Cold work tool steels are specialized high-carbon steels enhanced with alloy additions including tungsten, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum. This article examines their composition, properties, and industrial applications, with particular focus on their hardenability and wear resistance characteristics. These steels offer excellent dimensional stability during heat treatment and provide cost-effective solutions for various tooling applications, operating effectively at temperatures up to 200°C.

Cryogenic Treatment of Steel: Part One

Cryogenic treatment significantly enhances the service life of steel components through controlled exposure to extremely low temperatures. This methodology, established in aerospace applications over 30 years ago, produces remarkable improvements particularly for wear-dependent materials like tool steels.