The Basics of Ferrous Metallurgy

CMnAlSi TRIP Steels: Part Two

Key characteristics of TRIP steels include good strength and high ductility levels and specifically, an increase of the work hardening rate at higher strain rates which is critical for stamping and forming applications.
Studying the microstructural changes in relation to the chemical composition and applied heat treatments gives excellent potential for material development and opens opportunities to further improve performance in a crash situation.

Cold Rolled Steels

Cold Work Tool Steels

Cold work tool steels are specialized high-carbon steels enhanced with alloy additions including tungsten, manganese, chromium, and molybdenum. This article examines their composition, properties, and industrial applications, with particular focus on their hardenability and wear resistance characteristics. These steels offer excellent dimensional stability during heat treatment and provide cost-effective solutions for various tooling applications, operating effectively at temperatures up to 200°C.

Commercial Forms of Aluminum Alloys: Part One

Mill products of aluminum vary from foil thinner than tissue paper to plate 6 in. thick, and from wrist-thick stranded electrical power transmission conductor to magnet wire finer than human hair.
In this article commercial forms of aluminum alloys:
- Ingot -- unalloyed ingot, rich alloy ingot, casting alloy ingot, extrusion ingot, forging ingot, hot metal,
- Castings -- die casting, permanent mold castings, sand castings, other cast forms, direct chill castings.
- Forgings and pressings -- die forgings, hand forgings, rolled ring forgings are described.

Commercial Forms of Aluminum Alloys: Part Two

Wrought product of aluminum alloys are divided in several groups on the bases of it form of production, usability and sizes.
Aluminum alloy sheet and plate are available in very large sizes. These large sizes are not furnished in all alloys, tempers, and finishes and cannot be procured from all suppliers. Generally, however, sheet and plate sizes obtainable in aluminum alloy exceed those available in other nonferrous metals and approximate those produced in steel.
Commercial aluminum foil ranges in thickness from 0.00017 to 0.0059 in. and in width from 0.250 to 61 in. It is produced with two sides bright or one side bright and one satin finished.

Compacted Graphite Iron: Part One

Compacted graphite iron (CGI) along with lamellar graphite iron and spheroidal graphite iron define the three main classes of cast iron according to morphology.
CGI displays very useful properties for a range of engineering applications with the tensile strength and elastic modulus being considerably higher than grey cast irons (75% and 35% respectively).