GOST- standards for steel materials

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Introduction to GOST Steel Standards

The GOST standard specifications represent a comprehensive system for categorizing and defining requirements for various steel materials. These standards cover carbon and alloy steel plates and forgings used in boilers and pressure vessels, high-strength low-alloy steels, heat-treatable steels, hot and cold-rolled plates for cold forming, reinforcement steels, and materials for railway applications. Additionally, these specifications detail requirements for steel pipes intended for high-temperature service and special applications, as well as steel casting properties for pressure purposes.

Structure and Content of GOST Standards

The Review of GOST Standards for steel is organized into three volumes containing formally approved standard classifications, guides, practices, specifications, test methods, and terminology. Each standard provides essential information including the standard number, grade, chemical composition, and mechanical properties such as yield point, tensile strength, and notch toughness. When relevant, additional details like steel type, manufacturing method, plate thickness, and heat treatment parameters are also included.

Classification of Steel Standards

The GOST standards are organized into three primary categories:

• Group of standards for structural and constructional steels
• Group of standards for tool steels
• Group of standards for stainless and heat resisting steels

1. Structural and Constructional Steels

This extensive group includes standards for carbon steels, railway components, seamless tubes, bearing steels, boiler plates, concrete reinforcement, bridge construction materials, and many other applications.

Table 1. GOST group of standards for structural and constructional steels

Standard Number	Description
GOST 380	Carbon steels
GOST 398	Wheel tyres
GOST 550	Seamless tubes for line pipes of petroleum
GOST 801	Ball and roller bearing steels
GOST 803	Steel strip for the manufacture of bi-metals
GOST 808	Annealed steel strip for bearings
GOST 977	Steel castings
GOST 1050	Unalloyed quality steel
GOST 1071	Heat-treated spring wire
GOST 1414	Free-cutting steel
GOST 3836	Electric quality sheet and strip
GOST 4041	Hot-rolled heavy plate for cold-drawing
GOST 4121	Cast wheel body (gauge 1520 mm)
GOST 4543	Alloyed constructional steels
GOST 4728	Billets for axles of railway vehicles
GOST 5257	Tramway tyres
GOST 5520	Boiler plates
GOST 5521	Weldable shipbuilding plates
GOST 5781	Concrete steel
GOST 6713	Steel for bridge constructions
GOST 7370	Rails type P65, P50, P43
GOST 9389	Unalloyed spring wire
GOST 9960	Rails type OP65, OP50, OP43
GOST 10707	Steels for cold upsetting
GOST 10791	Rolled, light railway tyres
GOST 11268	Metal sheets
GOST 14959	Spring steel
GOST 18232	Railway guard rail
GOST 19277	Seamless tubes for petroleum and gas conduits
GOST 20072	High temperature steel
GOST 21022	For precision bearings
GOST 21357	Tough at subzero and wear resisting castings
GOST 21427/0	Electric quality sheet
GOST 24182	Rails type R75, R65, R50
GOST 24244	Sheet for enameled receptacles
GOST 2246	Filler rod
GOST 10543	Wire for built-up welding
GOST 21449	Bars for built-up welding

2. Tool Steels

This group focuses on specialized steels designed for tooling applications with specific performance requirements.

Table 2. GOST group of standards for tool steels

Standard Number	Description
GOST 1435	Carbon tool steels
GOST 5950	Alloyed tool steels
GOST 19265	High-speed steels

3. Stainless and Heat Resisting Steels

This category addresses corrosion-resistant and high-temperature applications with specialized material requirements.

Table 3. GOST group of standards for stainless and heat resisting steels

Standard Number	Description
GOST 977	Steel castings
GOST 5632	High strength at elevated temperatures
GOST 9124	Galvanized baling wire
GOST 10498	Seamless tubes, specially thin wall thickness
GOST 10994	Precision alloys
GOST 11068	Welded tubes
GOST 17809	Cast magnetic materials
GOST 19277	Seamless tubes for petroleum and gas conduits
GOST 23705	Hot-rolled and forged bars
GOST 24030	Seamless tubes for energy industry

Applications and Specifications

The GOST standards provide detailed specifications for steel materials used across diverse industrial applications. From railway components and petroleum pipelines to pressure vessels and tooling applications, these standards ensure consistent quality and performance. Each standard details the specific requirements needed for its intended application, allowing engineers and manufacturers to select appropriate materials for their specific needs.

Conclusion

The GOST steel standards provide a systematic framework for classifying and specifying steel materials across various industrial applications. By detailing chemical compositions, mechanical properties, and other essential characteristics, these standards facilitate proper material selection and quality control throughout the manufacturing process. The comprehensive nature of these specifications makes them valuable resources for engineers, designers, and manufacturers working with steel materials in diverse industries.