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Alloying designation systems standard lists and material classification

84 Articles

Classification and Properties of Copper Alloys

Copper and copper alloys are among the most versatile engineering materials available. Their combination of physical properties, such as strength, conductivity, corrosion resistance, machinability, and ductility, makes copper suitable for a wide range of applications. These properties can be further enhanced through variations in composition and manufacturing methods.

Classification of Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels

The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) defines carbon steel as follows:Steel is considered to be carbon steel when no minimum content is specified or required for chromium, cobalt, columbium [niobium], molybdenum, nickel, titanium, tungsten, vanadium or zirconium, or any other element to be added to obtain a desired alloying effect; when the specified minimum for copper does not exceed 0.40 per cent; or when the maximum content specified for any of the following elements does not exceed the percentages noted: manganese 1.65, silicon 0.60, copper 0.60.

Classification of Cast Iron

Cast iron represents a diverse family of ferrous alloys, characterized by higher carbon and silicon contents than steel. This comprehensive review examines the classification, microstructural features, and processing methods of various cast iron types. The article explores how composition, cooling rate, and melt treatment influence solidification patterns, leading to either metastable Fe-Fe3C or stable Fe-Gr systems.

Classification of Stainless Steels

Stainless steels are commonly divided into five groups: martensitic stainless steels, ferritic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. Stainless steels are available in the form of plate, sheet, strip, foil, bar, wire, semi-finished products, pipes, tubes, and tubing.

Classification of Tool Steels

Steels used for making tools, punches, and dies are perhaps the hardest, the strongest, and toughest steels used in industry. It is obvious that tools used for working steels and other metals must be stronger and harder than the steels or material they cut or form.
The metallurgical characteristics of various compositions of tool steels are extremely complex. There are hundreds of different makes and types of tool steels available and each may have a specific composition and end use.

Cross-reference tables for DIN aluminium cast alloys

In this article cross-referencing between alphanumeric and numeric temper designations for aluminum cast alloys according to DIN 1725 standard specification is described. This specification covers designation system for different processes such as sand castings, gravity die castings and pressure die castings.