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The Basics of Ferrous Metallurgy

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NANOBAIN Steels

NANOBAIN steels are characterized under the umbrella of nano- engineering, whereby ultra-fine to nanoscale microstructure is achieved through the bainite reaction without the use of severe deformation, rapid heat-treatment or mechanical processing.
NANOBAIN steels offer a potential path to consistently achieve an improved strength, toughness and ductility which normally presents a “trade off” dilemma in commonly known materials.

Nickel Alloy Steels: Part One

Certain unusual and sometimes extreme applications of materials require additional care in order to ensure the correct materials for the job in hand are being used and the potential for engineering failure is minimized.
A prime example of this can be seen in the storage and transportation of natural gases at cryogenic temperatures. The presence of nickel in the alloys ensures that the ductile brittle transition temperature and therefore the increase in the resistance to brittle fracture is maximized for the specific application.

Nickel Alloy Steels: Part Two

Use of Nickel for as an alloying element in certain applications such as cryogenic gas storage and transportation is critical in providing a high level of ductility and an excellent resistance to cracking.
Studies of a range of low carbon steels show that nickel gives variable advantages depending on the tempering/quenching conditions which results in a range of effects on each of the test material microstructures.

Nitrogen in Steels: Part One

This comprehensive article examines the role and impact of nitrogen in steel manufacturing and properties. It explores nitrogen solubility in steel, various sources during steelmaking processes, and its behavioral characteristics during solidification. The study details nitrogen's effects on crucial steel properties including formability, hardness, strain aging, and impact properties.

Nitrogen in Steels: Part Two

The effect of nitrogen on mechanical properties is the result of interstitial solid solution strengthening by the free nitrogen; precipitation strengthening by aluminum and other nitrides; and grain refinement due to the presence of nitride precipitates.
Nitrogen absorbed during steelmaking results in interstitial solid solution strengthening and grain refinement, both of which increase hardness.

Nodular Ductile Iron

Special cast irons differ from the common cast irons mainly in the higher content of alloying elements which promote microstructures having special properties for elevated-temperature applications, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance.
This article explains how chemical composition, cooling rate, liquid treatment and heat treatment influencing on a structure and the expected mechanical properties of cast irons.